The earliest known version of the Whittington story, printed from the Pepysian Library copy and edited by Henry B. Wheatley, presents a markedly different narrative from the later, more familiar tale. Wheatley’s introduction establishes that this chapbook, attributed to “T. H.” (possibly Thomas Heywood), predates the 18th-century version that popularized the Highgate Hill episode. The editor’s careful dating—pointing to a reference to the Exchange in Lumber Street, which moved in 1568—anchors the text in a specific historical moment, while the story itself blends folk motifs with a moralizing tone.

A Plain but Purposeful Voice

The narrative voice in T. H.’s chapbook is direct and unadorned, relying on simple declarative sentences and a moral framework. The opening address to the reader uses imperative constructions: “Tell not thy mind to every man,” “be courteous to all men.” This homiletic style recurs throughout, as when Whittington’s poverty is described with stark parallelism: “to beg he was ashamed, to steal he did abhor.” The prose does not linger on description; instead, it moves quickly through events, often summarizing actions in a single sentence. For instance, Whittington’s arrival at Fitzwarren’s house is compressed into a few lines: “Meat was set before him in plenty … a fresh colour began to come into his cheeks.” The effect is a brisk, almost breathless pace that prioritizes moral instruction over atmospheric detail.

Shifts in Pace: From Domestic Scene to Didactic Aside

The chapbook alternates between rapid narrative progression and slower, more reflective passages. The early scenes—Whittington’s hunger, his encounter with Fitzwarren, the meal in the kitchen—unfold in quick succession, with dialogue kept minimal. Yet the pace changes abruptly when the narrator inserts moral commentary. After describing Whittington’s modest answers to the merchant’s daughter, the text pauses for a generalized reflection: “These (Reader) be good documents for thee to follow.” Similarly, the transition from Whittington’s faintness to his refreshed appearance is interrupted by a proverb (“He fed like a farmer”). These shifts create a rhythm where action is periodically halted for explicit lessons, a technique common in chapbook literature but here executed with a particular bluntness that underscores the text’s didactic purpose.

Evidence of an Early Date in Language and Detail

Wheatley’s editorial note highlights specific linguistic and historical clues that date the text. The phrase “the Exchange, which was then in Lumber-street” is a key marker: the Royal Exchange moved from that location in 1568, suggesting the chapbook was written shortly after, when the old site was still remembered. Other archaisms include spellings like “intrim” (interim) and “course” (coarse), and the use of “leggs” for bows. The narrative also contains details that later versions would drop, such as Whittington setting out “before day-break on All Hallows-day” and stopping at “Bunhill” (not Highgate Hill). These specifics, combined with the plain style, align the text with late 16th- or early 17th-century chapbook conventions, before the story was embellished with sentimental additions.

Readers approaching this edition should attend to the editor’s introduction, which provides essential context for the text’s provenance and variations. Comparing this early version with the later “Famous and Remarkable History” printed at the end reveals how the Whittington legend evolved over time. The chapbook’s brevity and moral directness offer a glimpse into the reading tastes of its original audience, where entertainment and instruction were closely intertwined.